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Ryvo exposes three settlement paths, each built on the previous one. All three settle into the same shared vault and the same participant balances. They differ only in how many channels and how many participants are settled together.

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The three modes at a glance

ModeMessage formatInstructionBest for
Directryvo-cmt-v5settle_individualOne payer, one payee, one channel
BundleMany ryvo-cmt-v5settle_commitment_bundleOne payee aggregating many payers
Cooperative clearingRyvo-round (BLS round body)settle_clearing_roundSeveral participants advancing many channels together
Direct settlement is always available as a fallback, even when bundle or cooperative paths are used. See Design principles for why.

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Direct settlement

One signed ryvo-cmt-v5 moves one channel forward. The payee submits it with settle_individual.
  • Signatures: 1 (the channel’s authorized_signer)
  • On-chain writes: 1 channel, 2 participants
  • Coordination: none
  • When to use: the baseline path for any new integration

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Bundle settlement

The payee collects many ryvo-cmt-v5 messages from many payers in the same token and settles them in one transaction with settle_commitment_bundle.
  • Signatures: one per included channel (each payer signs independently)
  • On-chain writes: N channels, N+1 participants
  • Coordination: none between payers
  • When to use: one provider with many paying clients
Bundle settlement is not multilateral netting. Each channel still settles independently; the bundle only reduces transaction count and per-transaction overhead.

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Cooperative clearing

Several participants sign one shared clearing-round message. settle_clearing_round advances every included channel in a single transaction. Channel state always moves to the signed cumulative target for each included lane.
  • Signatures: one aggregate BLS signature over the shared round body
  • On-chain writes: all included channels, plus participant-bucket balance updates
  • Coordination: all participants must agree on and sign the same round
  • When to use: a known group of participants with bidirectional payment flow
This is the densest settlement path. Cooperative rounds scale protocol-level settlement compression beyond any unilateral path.

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Choosing a mode

Start with direct settlement. Promote to bundle settlement when one payee is settling many payers in the same token. Promote to cooperative clearing when a known set of participants has mutual payment flow and is willing to coordinate. You do not have to pick one. A real deployment can use all three simultaneously, with different relationships at different points on the coordination and density spectrum.

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See also